Rubies, often referred to as the “King of Gemstones,” have captivated human fascination for centuries. Their vibrant red color, rarity, and significant historical importance make them one of the most sought-after gemstones in the world. Known for their association with love, passion, and power, rubies have adorned the crowns of kings, the jewelry of the wealthy, and have even played pivotal roles in various cultures and myths. In this article, we will explore the history, properties, symbolism, and value of the red ruby, along with its significance in modern times.
The Origins of Ruby: A Glimpse into History
1.1 Ancient Myths and Legends
The history of rubies dates back thousands of years. In ancient times, rubies were highly revered by various civilizations. The word “ruby” is derived from the Latin word “ruber,” meaning red. In Sanskrit, rubies were called “ratnaraj,” which means “king of precious stones.” Ancient Hindus believed that rubies possessed the power to boil water and melt wax. They also considered them as offerings to the god Krishna, which would ensure rebirth as an emperor.
In Burmese culture, rubies were thought to contain the blood of the Earth and were believed to bring invincibility to warriors. They would embed rubies into their flesh to become fearless in battle. The ancient Greeks and Romans associated rubies with the power of love and believed they could protect their wearer from evil and bad health.
1.2 The Burmese Ruby
Burma (modern-day Myanmar) has been the most famous source of rubies for over a thousand years. The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar is known as the “Valley of Rubies” and has produced some of the most exceptional rubies in history. The deep red hue with a hint of blue, often referred to as “pigeon’s blood,” is highly prized and considered the finest ruby color. Burmese rubies are known for their purity, richness of color, and exceptional clarity, making them the most valuable rubies in the world.
The Formation and Properties of Ruby
2.1 Ruby’s Chemical Composition
Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, composed primarily of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The red color of ruby is due to the presence of trace amounts of chromium. The intensity of the red color can vary depending on the amount of chromium present. The presence of iron can also influence the color, adding brown or purple tones.
2.2 Physical Properties
Rubies are renowned for their hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, second only to diamonds. This hardness makes them highly durable and suitable for various types of jewelry. Rubies have a specific gravity of approximately 4.0 and a refractive index ranging from 1.76 to 1.78, giving them their brilliant luster.
2.3 Inclusions and Asterism
Rubies often contain inclusions, which are natural imperfections within the gemstone. These inclusions can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Some inclusions, such as rutile silk, can enhance the value of the ruby by creating a star-like effect known as asterism. Star rubies, which exhibit this asterism, are highly prized and sought after by collectors.
Symbolism and Meaning of Ruby
3.1 The Color of Passion
The deep red color of ruby has long been associated with passion, love, and desire. In various cultures, rubies have been used as symbols of love and commitment. In ancient times, rubies were often given as wedding gifts to ensure lasting love and passion between couples. The red color is also linked to blood, symbolizing life, vitality, and energy.
3.2 Power and Protection
Throughout history, rubies have been believed to possess protective powers. They were thought to protect the wearer from harm, ward off evil spirits, and bring good fortune. Warriors would wear rubies into battle for protection and strength. Rubies were also believed to bring wisdom and success, making them popular among rulers and leaders.
3.3 Spiritual Significance
In various spiritual practices, rubies are considered to be powerful stones of transformation and spiritual growth. They are believed to open the heart chakra, promoting love, compassion, and emotional healing. Rubies are also associated with the root chakra, grounding the wearer and enhancing their sense of security and stability.
The Value of Ruby: Factors that Influence Price
4.1 Color
Color is the most critical factor in determining the value of a ruby. The most prized color is the vivid red with a hint of blue, known as “pigeon’s blood.” The intensity and saturation of the red color significantly influence the ruby’s value. Rubies with a deep, pure red color are the most valuable, while those with brown or purple tones are less desirable.
4.2 Clarity
Clarity refers to the presence of inclusions within the ruby. While some inclusions can enhance the value of the ruby, such as those that create asterism, too many inclusions can lower the gemstone’s value. Rubies with high transparency and minimal inclusions are considered more valuable.
4.3 Cut
The cut of the ruby also plays a significant role in its value. A well-cut ruby will have excellent symmetry and proportions, enhancing its brilliance and overall appearance. The shape of the cut can vary, with popular shapes including oval, cushion, and round.
4.4 Carat Weight
Like other gemstones, the value of a ruby increases with its carat weight. However, the price per carat can increase exponentially for larger rubies with exceptional color and clarity. Large, high-quality rubies are extremely rare and command some of the highest prices in the gemstone market.
4.5 Origin
The origin of a ruby can also influence its value. Burmese rubies, especially those from the Mogok Valley, are considered the most valuable due to their exceptional color and quality. Rubies from other sources, such as Thailand, Madagascar, and Sri Lanka, can also be valuable, but they are generally less expensive than Burmese rubies.
Ruby in Jewelry: Timeless Elegance
5.1 Ruby Engagement Rings
Ruby engagement rings have become increasingly popular for those seeking a unique and meaningful alternative to the traditional diamond ring. The deep red color of the ruby symbolizes love and passion, making it an ideal choice for a symbol of commitment. Ruby rings can be set in various metals, including white gold, yellow gold, and platinum, each complementing the rich red hue of the stone.
5.2 Ruby Necklaces and Pendants
Ruby necklaces and pendants are classic pieces of jewelry that exude elegance and sophistication. A ruby pendant set in a simple gold or platinum chain can be a striking statement piece. Rubies are often paired with diamonds in necklaces, creating a stunning contrast between the fiery red and the sparkling white.
5.3 Ruby Earrings
Ruby earrings, whether in the form of studs, hoops, or drop earrings, are a timeless addition to any jewelry collection. The vibrant red color of rubies draws attention to the face and adds a touch of glamour to any outfit. Ruby earrings can be worn for both formal occasions and everyday wear, making them a versatile accessory.
5.4 Ruby Bracelets
Ruby bracelets are a luxurious accessory that can be worn alone or stacked with other bracelets for a more dramatic effect. Whether set in gold, silver, or platinum, a ruby bracelet adds a pop of color and elegance to the wrist. Rubies can be combined with other gemstones, such as diamonds or sapphires, to create a stunning piece of jewelry.
Ruby Care and Maintenance
6.1 Cleaning Ruby Jewelry
Rubies are durable gemstones, but they still require proper care to maintain their brilliance. To clean ruby jewelry, use a soft brush and mild soap mixed with warm water. Gently scrub the gemstone and rinse it thoroughly with water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the ruby or its setting.
6.2 Storing Ruby Jewelry
When not in use, ruby jewelry should be stored in a soft pouch or a jewelry box with separate compartments to prevent scratches. Rubies are hard, but they can still scratch other gemstones or be scratched by harder materials like diamonds.
6.3 Regular Inspection
Regularly inspect your ruby jewelry for any signs of damage or loose settings. If you notice any issues, take the piece to a professional jeweler for repair. Proper care and maintenance will ensure that your ruby jewelry remains beautiful and durable for years to come.
The Ruby Market: Trends and Investment
7.1 Ruby as an Investment
Rubies have long been considered a valuable investment, particularly high-quality stones with excellent color, clarity, and carat weight. The rarity of fine rubies, especially those from Burma, has led to significant appreciation in value over time. Investing in rubies can be a profitable venture, but it requires careful consideration of the gemstone’s quality and authenticity.
7.2 Synthetic and Treated Rubies
The market for rubies also includes synthetic and treated stones. Synthetic rubies are created in a laboratory and have the same chemical composition as natural rubies, but they are much less expensive. Treated rubies have undergone various processes to enhance their color or clarity. While these stones are more affordable, they do not have the same value or investment potential as natural, untreated rubies.
7.3 Ethical Sourcing
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for ethically sourced gemstones, including rubies. Consumers are increasingly concerned about the environmental and social impact of gemstone mining. Ethical sourcing ensures that rubies are mined in a way that respects human rights and the environment. This trend has led to the rise of certification programs that guarantee the ethical origin of rubies.
Ruby in Popular Culture and Fashion
8.1 Celebrity Endorsements
Rubies have long been favored by celebrities and royalty. Famous examples include Elizabeth Taylor’s stunning ruby and diamond necklace, gifted to her by her third husband, Mike Todd, and the Burmese ruby tiara worn by Queen Elizabeth II. Celebrities continue to showcase rubies on red carpets and in fashion editorials, solidifying the gemstone’s status as a symbol of luxury and glamour.
8.2 Rubies in Fashion
Rubies have made their mark in the fashion world, appearing in collections by top designers and jewelry houses. The bold red color of rubies adds a dramatic flair to fashion pieces, whether in haute couture or everyday wear. Rubies are often featured in statement jewelry pieces, such as cocktail rings, bold necklaces, and intricate earrings.
8.3 Ruby Birthstone and Zodiac Significance
Ruby is the birthstone for July and is associated with the zodiac sign Cancer. Those born in July are believed to benefit from the protective and energizing properties of ruby. The gemstone is said to enhance the emotional strength and courage of Cancer individuals, making it a meaningful and personal gift for those born under this sign.
Conclusion: The Timeless Allure of Ruby
The red ruby, with its rich history, stunning beauty, and profound symbolism, remains one of the most cherished and valuable gemstones in the world. Its association with love, passion, power, and protection has made it a beloved stone for centuries. Whether worn as a symbol of commitment, a statement of luxury, or a treasured heirloom, the ruby continues to captivate and inspire. As trends evolve and the demand for ethically sourced gemstones grows, the allure of the ruby only deepens, ensuring its place as a timeless gem that will be cherished for generations to come.
